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Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1912)
The Provisional Government of the Republic of China (, pinyin: ''Zhōnghuá Mínguó Línshí Zhèngfǔ'') was a provisional government established during the Xinhai Revolution by the revolutionaries in 1912. After the success of the Wuchang uprising, revolutionary provincial assembly representatives held a conference in Wuchang, China, which framed the organizational outline of the Provisional Government.
==Planning==
In November 1911 the revolutionary group in Wuchang led by Li Yuanhong came together with the revolutionary group in Shanghai led by Chen Qimei and Cheng Dequan (程德全) to prepare for the establishment of a new central government.〔Pomerantz-Zhang, Linda. () (1992). Wu Tingfang (1842-1922): reform and modernization in modern Chinese history. Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 962-209-287-X, 9789622092877. pg 207- 209.〕 The group in Wuchang wanted to establish a government in Wuchang, while the group in Shanghai wanted a government in Shanghai. By November 20 the two groups compromised and recognized Hubei as the central government and proposed everyone go to Wuchang.〔 By November 28, Hankou and Hanyang had fallen back to the Qing, so for safety the revolutionaries convened their first conference at the British concession in Hankou on November 30.〔K. S. Liew. () (1971). Struggle for democracy: Sung Chiao-jen and the 1911 Chinese revolution. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-01760-9, ISBN 978-0-520-01760-3. pg 131-136.〕 Tan Renfeng (譚人鳳) was the chairman of the session.〔 Twenty-three representatives from the 11 provinces participated. The representatives decided to frame the organizational outline of the Provisional Government, and they elected Lei Fen (雷奮), Ma Junwu, and Wang Zhengting (王正廷) to prepare the draft.〔〔張耀杰. () (2010). 懸案百年——宋教仁案與國民黨. 秀威資訊科技股份有限公司 publishing. ISBN 986-86815-0-2, ISBN 978-986-86815-0-7. pg xviii〕
Because on December 2 the revolutionary forces were able to capture Nanking in the uprising, the revolutionaries decided to make it the site of the new provisional government.〔Wu Yuzhang. () (2001). Recollections of the Revolution of 1911: A Great Democratic Revolution of China. The Minerva Group publishing. ISBN 0-89875-531-X, 9780898755312. pg 132.〕The conference passed the outline the very next day, which consisted three chapters and twenty-one clauses. It also confirmed that the new government would be a republic. It was announced that the provincial representatives would meet in Nanking in seven days to elect a provisional government.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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